Cooperative Multitasking: Its a type of multitasking that process currently controlling the CPU is offer control the other processes. The Cooperative is most likely all the programs must cooperate for it to work. Cooperative Multitasking requires the programmer to place the calls at this suitable points.
Preemptive Multitasking: Is the task which the computer operation system that uses some criteria to decide to how long would to allocate to any one task before tasking the turn to use the operation system. The operation system from one task and another task call Preempting. Which also helped in the software program from taking the complete control of the computer processor and allows multiple programs to continue to operate without crashing or freezing.
Threading: Threading is the basic multi-tasking is relating the OS and hyper-threading which is the processors. The multi-tasking is the research of running the several tasks simultaneously on processor. Running in the OS (Operation System) in the program.
_ Propagation:This is simply the time it takes for a packet to travel between one place and another at the speed of light.
Attenuation: The gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium. For instance, sunlight is attenuated by dark glasses, X-rays are attenuated by lead, and light and sound are attenuated by water.
Reflection: Changes the direction wave-front.
Noise: Data packets on the Internet which are addressed to IP addresses or ports where there is no network device set up to receive them.
Collisions: Two devices on the same Ethernet network attempting to transmit data at exactly the same time. __ Two-Dimensional Parity: The same assumption as before, namely that errors are rare, so that the chance of two errors occurring the same row or column is extremely low. In this scheme, we add a parity sum for each row and column.
Cyclic redundancy checking: is a method of checking for errors in data that has been transmitted on a communications link. A sending device applies a 16- or 32-bit polynomialto a block of data that is to be transmitted and appends the resulting cyclic redundancy code (CRC) to the block.
Internet Checksum:A simple error-detection scheme in which each transmitted message is accompanied by a numerical value based on the number of set bits in the message.
2/29/2012
Class A Network -- binary address start with 0, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 1 to 126. The first 8 bits (the first octet) identify the network and the remaining 24 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class A IP address is 102.168.212.226, where "102" identifies the network and "168.212.226" identifies the host on that network.
Class B Network -- binary addresses start with 10, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 128 to 191. (The number 127 is reserved for loopback and is used for internal testing on the local machine.) The first 16 bits (the first two octets) identify the network and the remaining 16 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class B IP address is 168.212.226.204 where "168.212" identifies the network and "226.204" identifies the host on that network.
Class C Network -- binary addresses start with 110, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 192 to 223. The first 24 bits (the first three octets) identify the network and the remaining 8 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class C IP address is 200.168.212.226 where "200.168.212" identifies the network and "226" identifies the host on that network.
Table 45: IP Address Class Network and Host Capacities
IP Address Class
Total # Of Bits For Network ID / Host ID
First Octet of IP Address
# Of Network ID Bits Used To Identify Class
Usable # Of Network ID Bits
Number of Possible Network IDs
# Of Host IDs Per Network ID
Class A
8 / 24
0xxx xxxx
1
8-1 = 7
27-2 = 126
224-2 = 16,277,214
Class B
16 / 16
10xx xxxx
2
16-2 = 14
214 = 16,384
216-2 = 65,534
Class C
24 / 8
110x xxxx
3
24-3 = 21
221 = 2,097,152
28-2 = 254
3/1/2012
Multi-mode Optical Fiber: Type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus.
Single-Mode Optical Fiber: An optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode). Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation for waves, which is obtained by combining Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions. These modes define the way the wave travels through space, i.e. how the wave is distributed in space.
2.Light is measured in what units? Light is measured with two main alternative sets of units: radiometry consists of measurements of light power at all wavelengths, while photometry measures light with wavelength weighted with respect to a standardised model of human brightness perception. Photometry is useful, for example, to quantify Illumination (lighting) intended for human use.
3.What is the wavelength range of visible light? he range of visible light is 380-750 nm For each color: violet 380-450 nm blue 450-495 nm green 495-570 nm yellow 570-590 nm orange 590-620 nm red 620-750 nm
Cooperative Multitasking: Its a type of multitasking that process currently controlling the CPU is offer control the other processes. The Cooperative is most likely all the programs must cooperate for it to work. Cooperative Multitasking requires the programmer to place the calls at this suitable points.
Preemptive Multitasking: Is the task which the computer operation system that uses some criteria to decide to how long would to allocate to any one task before tasking the turn to use the operation system. The operation system from one task and another task call Preempting. Which also helped in the software program from taking the complete control of the computer processor and allows multiple programs to continue to operate without crashing or freezing.
Threading: Threading is the basic multi-tasking is relating the OS and hyper-threading which is the processors. The multi-tasking is the research of running the several tasks simultaneously on processor. Running in the OS (Operation System) in the program.
_
Propagation: This is simply the time it takes for a packet to travel between one place and another at the speed of light.
Attenuation: The gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium. For instance, sunlight is attenuated by dark glasses, X-rays are attenuated by lead, and light and sound are attenuated by water.
Reflection: Changes the direction wave-front.
Noise: Data packets on the Internet which are addressed to IP addresses or ports where there is no network device set up to receive them.
Timing problem: A protocol and software implementation for synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
Dispersion: Depends the waves velocity.
Jitter: The undesired deviation from true periodicity of an assumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source.
Latency: The measuring of time inside the system.
Collisions: Two devices on the same Ethernet network attempting to transmit data at exactly the same time.
__
Two-Dimensional Parity: The same assumption as before, namely that errors are rare, so that the chance of two errors occurring the same row or column is extremely low. In this scheme, we add a parity sum for each row and column.
Cyclic redundancy checking: is a method of checking for errors in data that has been transmitted on a communications link. A sending device applies a 16- or 32-bit polynomialto a block of data that is to be transmitted and appends the resulting cyclic redundancy code (CRC) to the block.
Internet Checksum: A simple error-detection scheme in which each transmitted message is accompanied by a numerical value based on the number of set bits in the message.
2/29/2012
Class A Network -- binary address start with 0, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 1 to 126. The first 8 bits (the first octet) identify the network and the remaining 24 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class A IP address is 102.168.212.226, where "102" identifies the network and "168.212.226" identifies the host on that network.
Class B Network -- binary addresses start with 10, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 128 to 191. (The number 127 is reserved for loopback and is used for internal testing on the local machine.) The first 16 bits (the first two octets) identify the network and the remaining 16 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class B IP address is 168.212.226.204 where "168.212" identifies the network and "226.204" identifies the host on that network.
Class C Network -- binary addresses start with 110, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 192 to 223. The first 24 bits (the first three octets) identify the network and the remaining 8 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class C IP address is 200.168.212.226 where "200.168.212" identifies the network and "226" identifies the host on that network.
Table 45: IP Address Class Network and Host Capacities
3/1/2012
Multi-mode Optical Fiber: Type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus.
Single-Mode Optical Fiber: An optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode). Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation for waves, which is obtained by combining Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions. These modes define the way the wave travels through space, i.e. how the wave is distributed in space.
3/5/2012
1.What are seven advantages of fiber-optic cable?
7.1 Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference
7.2 Data Security
7.3 Non Conductive Cables
7.4 Eliminating Spark Hazards
7.5 Ease Of Installation
7.6 High Bandwidth Over Long Distances
2.Light is measured in what units?
Light is measured with two main alternative sets of units: radiometry consists of measurements of light power at all wavelengths, while photometry measures light with wavelength weighted with respect to a standardised model of human brightness perception. Photometry is useful, for example, to quantify Illumination (lighting) intended for human use.
3.What is the wavelength range of visible light?
he range of visible light is 380-750 nm
For each color:
violet 380-450 nm
blue 450-495 nm
green 495-570 nm
yellow 570-590 nm
orange 590-620 nm
red 620-750 nm